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Overview of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R)
What is PM&R?
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) is also called physiatry. It is a medical specialty that focuses on restoring function for a person who has been disabled due to a disease, disorder, or injury.
Physiatry provides integrated, multidisciplinary care aimed at recovery of the whole person. It addresses the person's physical, emotional, medical, vocational, and social needs. A healthcare provider who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation is called a physiatrist.
What is rehabilitation?
Rehabilitation (rehab) is the process of helping a person achieve the highest level of function, independence, and quality of life possible. Rehab does not reverse or undo the damage caused by disease or injury. But it helps restore the person to their best health, functioning, and well-being.
The rehabilitation program
Rehabilitation medicine is designed to meet each person's specific needs. So each program is different. Some general treatment components for rehab programs include:
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Treating the basic disease and preventing complications
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Treating the disability and improving function
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Providing adaptive tools and altering the environment
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Teaching the person and their family, and helping them adapt to lifestyle changes
The success of rehab depends on many variables, including:
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The nature and severity of the disease, disorder, or injury
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The type and degree of any resulting impairments and disabilities
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The person's overall health
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Family support
Areas covered in rehab programs may include:
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Patient need
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Example
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Self-care skills, including activities of daily living (ADLs)
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Feeding, grooming, bathing, dressing, toileting, and sexual function
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Physical care
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Nutritional needs, medicine, and skin care
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Mobility skills
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Walking, transfers, and self-propelling a wheelchair
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Respiratory care
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Ventilator care, if needed; breathing treatments and exercises to promote lung function
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Communication skills
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Speech, writing, and alternative methods of communication
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Cognitive skills
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Memory, concentration, judgment, problem-solving, and organizational skills
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Socialization skills
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Interacting with others at home and in the community
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Vocational training
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Work-related skills
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Pain management
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Medicine and alternative methods of managing pain
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Psychological counseling
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Identifying problems and solutions with thinking, behavioral, and emotional issues
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Family support
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Help with adapting to lifestyle changes, financial concerns, and discharge planning
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Education
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Patient and family education and training about the condition, medical care, and adaptive methods
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Understanding rehabilitation terminology
Rehab is needed when a disease and injury cause an impairment. Consider the following:
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An impairment is a loss of normal function of part of the body, such as paralysis of a leg.
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Disability occurs when a person can't do an activity in a normal way due to an impairment, such as not being able to walk.
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A handicap occurs when there are limits that prevent a person with a disability from doing their normal roles, such as not being able to work. A handicap refers to a barrier that may be imposed by society, the environment, or the person's own attitude.
Most people with disabilities are not considered handicapped. They go to school, work, perform family duties, and interact with society fully and capably.